Aromatic Components of Several Table Grapes Produced in Japan

生食用の雑種4品種('キャンベル・アーリー','巨峰','竜宝','マスカット・ベーリーA')とV.viniferaの'ネオマスカッﾄ'の香気成分を調査した.また,果汁中の揮発性成分をLiquid-liquid extraction法,Solvent extraction法,Head-space analysis法の3種類の方法で抽出し,その結果を比較検討した. 'ネオマスカット'からはV.viniferaの代表的な香気成分であるリナール,α-テルピネオール,シトロネロール,ネロール,ゲラニオールが検出された.とくにゲラニオールが量的に多かった.雑種4品種からは多量の2-フェニルエチルアルコールが検出された.しかしV.labruscaに特徴的に含まれるとされるアントラニル酸メチルは検出されなかった. Liquid-liquid extraction法, Solvent extraction法の2つの抽出方法では,検出成分の種類は変わらなかったが,Solvent extraction法の方が揮発性成分が量的に多く検出された. Head-space analysis 法では得られた揮発性成分が少なく固定もできなかった

Effect of juggling therapy on anxiety disorders in female patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Aims</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juggling therapy for anxiety disorder patients.</p> <p>Design and Method</p> <p>Subjects were 17 female outpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders. Subjects were treated with standard psychotherapy, medication and counseling for 6 months. For the last 3 months of treatment, subjects were randomized into either a non-juggling group (n = 9) or a juggling therapy group (juggling group: n = 8). The juggling group gradually acquired juggling skills by practicing juggling beanbags (<it>otedama </it>in Japan) with both hands. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using scores of psychological testing (STAI: State and Trate Anxiety Inventry, POMS: Profile of Mood Status) and of ADL (FAI: Franchay Activity Index) collected before treatment, 3 months after treatment (before juggling therapy), and at the end of both treatments.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After 6 months, an analysis of variance revealed that scores on the state anxiety, trait anxiety subscales of STAI and tension-anxiety (T-A) score of POMS were significantly lower in the juggling group than in the non-juggling group (p < 0.01). Depression, anger-hostility scores of POMS were improved more than non-jugglers. In the juggling group, activity scores on the vigor subscale of POMS and FAI score were significantly higher than those in the non juggling group (p < 0.01). Other mood scores of POMS did not differ between the two groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggest that juggling therapy may be effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders.</p

ショウガッコウ コウガクネン ジドウ ノ スイミン カクセイ リズム ト ジリツ シンケイ カツドウ ノ カンケイ : 6ジレイ ノ ホウコク

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between sleep-wake rhythms and autonomic nerve activities using actigraphy and heart rate variability（HRV）analysis. Subjects were comprised of six children who were in the fourth to sixth grade levels of elementary school（four boys and two girls）. The study was conducted between January and December 2015. The data collection procedure was performed following the Private Information Protection Law, with approval from Tokushima University Hospital Ethics Board（approval number 2021）. These subjects were evaluated in an Attentive-Care-Needed stress state based on the PSI（Public Health Research Foundation Type Stress Inventory）and PSQI-J（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Japanese Version）. In analyzing their sleep-wake rhythms, autonomic nervous activities were determined using an actigraph and HRV through RR interval sequence electrocardiography. The results of actigraph data of sleep efficiency in Subject Number 6 was low（76.47％）. Regardless, the subject experienced subjective sleep satisfaction. However, Subject Number 2, insisted that she could not easily wake up in the morning because of being sleepy. Low Frequency（LF）/High Frequency（HF）data indicated sympathetic nervous activity showing that all subjects had significantlyhigher LF/HF value during wakefulness than when asleep. HF data indicated parasympatheticactivity of five out of the six children showing significantly higher value during sleep than when awake. Subject number 3 expressed that he was sleepy and could not get up in the morning,and also had trouble going to and maintaining sleep. However, this subject’s results of the PSQI-Jindicated that he had no problem expressing subjective sleep satisfaction. Furthermore, in the actigraph and HRV analysis, findings showed that subjects had good sleeping patterns. These findings strongly signify the importance of determining the sleep-wake rhythms of school children based on data from subjective and physiological evaluation methods

Life-Threatening Infantile Diarrhea from Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enteric Typhimurium with Mutations in Both gyrA and parC

Salmonella Typhimurium DT12, isolated from a 35-day-old infant with diarrhea, was highly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and fluoroquinolones. The patient responded to antibiotic therapy with fosfomycin. Multidrug-resistance may become prevalent in Salmonella infections in Japan, as shown in this first case of a patient infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella

施設に入所中の認知症高齢者の自律神経活動の特徴

This study clarified the characteristic autonomic nervous activity of institutionalized elders diagnosed with dementia using Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised. Twenty-six healthy adult persons (HPs) in their 20 s - 40 s met the inclusion criteria, and 16 persons (27.6 ± 8.2 years old) completed the research procedure. Of 70 persons with dementia (PDs) residing at the one geriatric health services facilities, only 24 persons met the inclusion criteria, and only nine (N = 9, 83.44 ± 9.45 years old) completed the procedure. Actigraph and ambulatory electrocardiographic instruments measuring autonomic nervous activity were attached to the subjects for 24 hours. Activities and behaviors of PDs and HPs were observed by clinically experienced staff nurses and care workers. High frequency (HF) power indicating parasympathetic activity and LF/HF ratio indicating sympathetic activity were calculated. When awake, PDs’ LF/HF ratio was significantly lower than HP’s (Z = −2.60, p < 0.01), showing significant differences in the LF/HF ratios between waking and sleeping, more than those of the PDs (p < 0.001). Similarly, when awake, significant positive correlations were observed in the LF/HF ratio and actigraph activity count (AC) in 11 HPs and 3 PDs (range r = 0.17 to 0.49, p < 0.05); however, significant negative correlation was found in HF and AC of 12 HPs and 3 PDs (range r = −0.55 to −0.18, p < 0.05). While sleeping, significant positive correlations were observed in LF/HF and AC of 3 HPs and 1 PD (range r = 0.35 to 0.42, p < 0.05) and significant negative correlation was found in the HF and AC of 1 HP (r= −0.32, p < 0.001) and 1 PD (r = −0.32, p < 0.05). The mean value of LF/HF in a wakeful state was significantly lower for PDs than HPs. Combined results of behavioral observation, actigrapy and heart rate variability (HRV) analyses suggested that PDs showed positive correlations between LF/HF and AC in a wakeful state. Compared to those who showed no positive correlation, they did not require much nursing care

Vagus Nerve Stimulation with Mild Stimulation Intensity Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson's Disease Model Rats

Background: The major surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is deep brain stimulation (DBS), but a less invasive treatment is desired. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a relatively safe treatment without cerebral invasiveness. In this study, we developed a wireless controllable electrical stimulator to examine the efficacy of VNS on PD model rats. Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent placement of a cuff-type electrode and stimulator on the vagus nerve. Following which, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered into the left striatum to prepare a PD model. VNS was started immediately after 6-OHDA administration and continued for 14 days. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of VNS with behavioral and immunohistochemical outcome assays under different stimulation intensity (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mA). Results: VNS with 0.25-0.5 mA intensity remarkably improved behavioral impairment, preserved dopamine neurons, reduced inflammatory glial cells, and increased noradrenergic neurons. On the other hand, VNS with 0.1 mA and 1 mA intensity did not display significant therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: VNS with 0.25-0.5 mA intensity has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on PD model rats induced by 6-OHDA administration. In addition, we were able to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the new experimental device

Long-Term Continuous Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Experimental Parkinson's Disease

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) exerts neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Conventional stimulation techniques entail limited stimulation time and restricted movement of animals, warranting the need for optimizing the SCS regimen to address the progressive nature of the disease and to improve its clinical translation to PD patients. Objective: Recognizing the limitations of conventional stimulation, we now investigated the effects of continuous SCS in freely moving parkinsonian rats. Methods: We developed a small device that could deliver continuous SCS. At the start of the experiment, thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats received the dopamine (DA)-depleting neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, into the right striatum. The SCS device was fixed below the shoulder area of the back of the animal, and a line from this device was passed under the skin to an electrode that was then implanted epidurally over the dorsal column. The rats were divided into three groups: control, 8-h stimulation, and 24-h stimulation, and behaviorally tested then euthanized for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The 8- and 24-h stimulation groups displayed significant behavioral improvement compared to the control group. Both SCS-stimulated groups exhibited significantly preserved tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive fibers and neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), respectively, compared to the control group. Notably, the 24-h stimulation group showed significantly pronounced preservation of the striatal TH-positive fibers compared to the 8-h stimulation group. Moreover, the 24-h group demonstrated significantly reduced number of microglia in the striatum and SNc and increased laminin-positive area of the cerebral cortex compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the behavioral and histological benefits of continuous SCS in a time-dependent manner in freely moving PD animals, possibly mediated by anti-inflammatory and angiogenic mechanisms

Surgery in the Standing Position by a Surgeon with Achilles Tendon Rupture

Unexpected injuries can have a profound effect on a surgeonʼs performance and thus on patients and surgical departments. Here we describe a technique for performing surgery in the standing position, as done by a surgeon with an Achilles tendon rupture. During his prescribed 45-day non-weight-bearing period for the left ankle after surgery for an Achilles tendon rupture, the surgeon was able to participate in 15 surgeries as an operator or assistant, due to his use of a combination of injured-leg genuflection on a stool and a ʻSurgical Body Supportʼ device. Similarly injured surgeons may benefit from such support

ホッカイドウ ワシュバ ニ オケル カスゲ ノ ホモイデンシガタ ワ チシ デ ナイ

ウマの毛色遺伝のうち粕毛ホモ接合体(R/R型)は致死であると言われているが,北海道和種馬で粕毛は高頻度で出現し,R/R型のホモ型個体が生存している可能性が高いとされている。そこで,その正否を明らかにするため,粕毛の遺伝様式について独自の調査を行った。北海道和種馬における粕毛の出現頻度は0.507と全体の約半分を占めていた。両親または片親に粕毛を持つ個体間の交配資料を用いてχ^2検定を行った結果,粕毛×粕毛の交配において,ホモ型致死説では子ウマにおける粕毛と非粕毛の分離比は理論値と一致せず(p<0.001),ホモ型生存説では分離比と理論値が一致した(p=0.2～0.1)。また,粕毛×非粕毛の交配では統計学的にホモ型致死説を否定できなかったが,ホモ型生存説による分離比の方がより理論値と一致した。この交配例では子ウマにおける粕毛と非粕毛の分離比が1.3 : 1の時に,統計学的に最も高い確率で適合した。さらに,血統登録種牡馬においてホモ型粕毛個体の推定を行った結果,17頭のうち3頭のホモ型個体の存在が推定された。以上のことから,北海道和種馬における粕毛ホモ型個体は生存している可能性が確認された。The roan gene affects coat color heredity in horses. Though it is said that the roan gene homozygte (R/R type) carries lethality, the roan appears with high frequency among Hokkaido native horses, and there is a high possibility for individuals with R/R type to exist. Therefore, an original investigation was carried out to clarify the heredity mode of the roan. The frequency of the roan Hokkaido native horse was about 0.507. As a result of χ^2 test using the mating material between individual horses with either roan parents or one parent, in the mating of roan × roan, the separation ratio agreed with the theoretical value of the separation ratio of roan and non-roan in the foals based on the homozygote survival theory(p=0.2～0.1), and did not agree with the theoretical value in the homozygote lethality theory (p<0.001). In the mating of roan × non-roan, though the homozygote lethality theory was not statistically denied, it was not well supported, while the theoretical separation ratio based on the homozygote survival theory agreed with the actual value. In this mating example, the separation ratio of roan and non-roan among the foals with the statistically highest probability was 1.3 : 1 (p=0.9～0.8). In addition, the existence of a homozygote individual was predicted, and the three homozygote animals were observed among 17 roan stallion horses which had many foals and were booked in the pedigree registration. From the above facts, it was confirmed that there were homozygote roans among Hokkaido native horses